基于 ADB + FFmpeg 的 Android 设备集群：实现 10–50 台设备的自动化 UI 测试

1adb devices  ──►  设备序列号列表
2     │
3     ▼
4APK 安装   (在所有设备上并行，使用 ThreadPoolExecutor)
5     │
6     ▼
7对每台设备：
8    屏幕录制 (后台运行)  →  am instrument (运行测试)  →  停止并拉取视频
9     │
10     ▼
11FFmpeg：在每个片段上叠加序列号 + 拼接  ──►  test_report.mp4

1import subprocess
2
3def get_devices() -> list[str]:
4    """返回所有处于 'device' 状态的设备序列号。"""
5    out = subprocess.run(
6        ["adb", "devices"],
7        capture_output=True, text=True, check=True,
8    ).stdout
9
10    serials: list[str] = []
11    for line in out.splitlines()[1:]:      # 第一行是 "List of devices" 标题
12        line = line.strip()
13        if line.endswith("\tdevice"):      # 排除 unauthorized / offline
14            serials.append(line.split("\t")[0])
15    return serials

1from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
2
3def install_apk(serial: str, apk_path: str) -> tuple[str, bool, str]:
4    r = subprocess.run(
5        ["adb", "-s", serial, "install", "-r", "-g", apk_path],
6        capture_output=True, text=True,
7    )
8    ok = r.returncode == 0 and "Success" in r.stdout
9    return serial, ok, (r.stdout + r.stderr).strip()
10
11def install_on_all(apk_path: str, serials: list[str]) -> None:
12    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=len(serials) or 1) as pool:
13        futures = [pool.submit(install_apk, s, apk_path) for s in serials]
14        for f in as_completed(futures):
15            serial, ok, log = f.result()
16            print(f"[{'OK' if ok else 'FAIL'}] {serial}")
17            if not ok:
18                print(f"    {log}")

1def run_instrumented_tests(
2    serial: str,
3    package: str,
4    runner: str = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner",
5) -> tuple[str, bool]:
6    r = subprocess.run(
7        ["adb", "-s", serial, "shell", "am", "instrument", "-w",
8         f"{package}/{runner}"],
9        capture_output=True, text=True,
10    )
11    ok = "FAILURES!!!" not in r.stdout and r.returncode == 0
12    return serial, ok

1import time
2
3def start_recording(serial: str, remote: str = "/sdcard/run.mp4") -> subprocess.Popen:
4    return subprocess.Popen(
5        ["adb", "-s", serial, "shell", "screenrecord", remote]
6    )
7
8def stop_recording(
9    serial: str,
10    proc: subprocess.Popen,
11    remote: str = "/sdcard/run.mp4",
12    local: str = "run.mp4",
13) -> None:
14    # 在设备上发送 SIGINT 使 screenrecord 正确关闭文件
15    subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", serial, "shell", "pkill", "-SIGINT", "screenrecord"])
16    proc.wait(timeout=10)
17    time.sleep(1)  # 给设备一点时间完成容器封装
18    subprocess.run(["adb", "-s", serial, "pull", remote, local], check=True)

1def label_clip(src: str, dst: str, label: str) -> None:
2    """缩放至 1080x1920 并叠加标签（设备序列号）。"""
3    vf = (
4        "scale=1080:1920:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,"
5        "pad=1080:1920:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,"
6        f"drawtext=text='{label}':x=20:y=20:fontsize=42:"
7        "fontcolor=white:box=1:boxcolor=black@0.6"
8    )
9    subprocess.run(
10        ["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", src, "-vf", vf,
11         "-an", "-c:v", "libx264", "-preset", "veryfast", "-crf", "23", dst],
12        check=True,
13    )
14
15def concat_report(clips: list[str], out: str = "test_report.mp4") -> None:
16    with open("concat_list.txt", "w") as f:
17        for c in clips:
18            f.write(f"file '{c}'\n")
19    subprocess.run(
20        ["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0",
21         "-i", "concat_list.txt", "-c", "copy", out],
22        check=True,
23    )

1def main() -> None:
2    apk = "app-debug.apk"
3    package = "com.example.app.test"
4    runner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
5
6    serials = get_devices()
7    if not serials:
8        print("未找到设备。请检查 USB 连接和 'adb devices' 的输出。")
9        return
10
11    print(f"找到设备数量：{len(serials)}")
12    install_on_all(apk, serials)
13
14    labeled: list[str] = []
15    for serial in serials:
16        proc = start_recording(serial)
17        _, ok = run_instrumented_tests(serial, package, runner)
18        stop_recording(serial, proc, local=f"{serial}.mp4")
19        print(f"[{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] 设备 {serial} 上的测试")
20
21        out = f"{serial}_labeled.mp4"
22        label_clip(f"{serial}.mp4", out, serial)
23        labeled.append(out)
24
25    concat_report(labeled, "test_report.mp4")
26    print("完成：test_report.mp4")
27
28if __name__ == "__main__":
29    main()